WICED 2020

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/2632900

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Browsing WICED 2020 by Subject "Information systems"

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    GAZED - Gaze-guided Cinematic Editing of Wide-Angle Monocular Video Recordings
    (The Eurographics Association, 2020) Moorthy, K. L. Bhanu; Kumar, Moneish; Subramanian, Ramanathan; Gandhi, Vineet; Christie, Marc and Wu, Hui-Yin and Li, Tsai-Yen and Gandhi, Vineet
    We present GAZED- eye GAZ-guided EDiting for videos captured by a solitary, static, wide-angle and high-resolution camera. Eye-gaze has been effectively employed in computational applications as a cue to capture interesting scene content; we employ gaze as a proxy to select shots for inclusion in the edited video. Given the original video, scene content and user eye-gaze tracks are combined to generate an edited video comprising of cinematically valid actor shots and shot transitions to generate an aesthetic and vivid representation of the original narrative. We model cinematic video editing as an energy minimization problem over shot selection, whose constraints capture cinematographic editing conventions. Gazed scene locations primarily determine the shots constituting the edited video. Effectiveness of GAZED against multiple competing methods is demonstrated via a psychophysical study involving 12 users and twelve performance videos. Professional video recordings of stage performances are typically created by employing skilled camera operators, who record the performance from multiple viewpoints. These multi-camera feeds, termed rushes, are then edited together to portray an eloquent story intended to maximize viewer engagement. Generating professional edits of stage performances is both difficult and challenging. Firstly, maneuvering cameras during a live performance is difficult even for experts as there is no option of retake upon error, and camera viewpoints are limited as the use of large supporting equipment (trolley, crane .) is infeasible. Secondly, manual video editing is an extremely slow and tedious process and leverages the experience of skilled editors. Overall, the need for (i) a professional camera crew, (ii) multiple cameras and supporting equipment, and (iii) expert editors escalates the process complexity and costs. Consequently, most production houses employ a large field-of-view static camera, placed far enough to capture the entire stage. This approach is widespread as it is simple to implement, and also captures the entire scene. Such static visualizations are apt for archival purposes; however, they are often unsuccessful at captivating attention when presented to the target audience. While conveying the overall context, the distant camera feed fails to bring out vivid scene details like close-up faces, character emotions and actions, and ensuing interactions which are critical for cinematic storytelling. GAZED denotes an end-to-end pipeline to generate an aesthetically edited video from a single static, wide-angle stage recording. This is inspired by prior work [GRG14], which describes how a plural camera crew can be replaced by a single highresolution static camera, and multiple virtual camera shots or rushes generated by simulating several virtual pan/tilt/zoom cameras to focus on actors and actions within the original recording. In this work, we demonstrate that the multiple rushes can be automatically edited by leveraging user eye gaze information, by modeling (virtual) shot selection as a discrete optimization problem. Eye-gaze represents an inherent guiding factor for video editing, as eyes are sensitive to interesting scene events [RKH*09,SSSM14] that need to be vividly presented in the edited video. The objective critical for video editing and the key contribution of our work is to decide which shot (or rush) needs to be selected to describe each frame of the edited video. The shot selection problem is modeled as an optimization, which incorporates gaze information along with other cost terms that model cinematic editing principles. Gazed scene locations are utilized to define gaze potentials, which measure the importance of the different shots to choose from. Gaze potentials are then combined with other terms that model cinematic principles like avoiding jump cuts (which produce jarring shot transitions), rhythm (pace of shot transitioning), avoiding transient shots . The optimization is solved using dynamic programming. [MKSG20] refers to the detailed full article.
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    User-Adaptive Rotational Snap-Cutting for Streamed 360º Videos
    (The Eurographics Association, 2020) Rondón, Miguel Fabian Romero; Sassatelli, Lucile; Pardo, Ramon Aparicio; Precioso, Frédéric; Christie, Marc and Wu, Hui-Yin and Li, Tsai-Yen and Gandhi, Vineet
    Designing editing cuts for cinematic Virtual Reality (VR) has been under active investigation. Recently, the connection has been made between cuts in VR and adaptive streaming logics for 360º videos, with the introduction of rotational snap-cuts. Snapcuts can benefit the user's experience both by improving the streamed quality in the FoV and ensuring the user sees important elements for the plot. However, snap-cuts should not be too frequent and may be avoided when not beneficial to the streamed quality. We formulate the dynamic decision problem of snap-change triggering as a model-free Reinforcement Learning. We express the optimum cut triggering decisions computed offline with dynamic programming and investigate possible gains in quality of experience compared to baselines. We design Imitation Learning-based dynamic triggering strategies, and show that only knowing the past user's motion and video content, it is possible to outperform the controls without and with all cuts.