Eurographics Conferences

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APPLICATION OF COMPUTER-GENERATED ANIMATION IN EUROPEAN SPACE RESEARCH
(The Eurographics Association, 84) Kristiansen, E.; K. BO and H.A. TUCKER
In space research, there is often a need to illustrate motion, such as a spacecraft's orbital motion and attitude manoeuvres. This paper presents various types of applications for computer generated animation in space research. Some problem areas are discussed, such as scaling in space and time, conflicts between small and large objects, and problems of representation of slow and fast motion. Finally, a particular project is presented, together with the experience gained.
A PAINT PROGRAM FOR THE GRAPHIC ARTS IN PRINTING
(The Eurographics Association, 84) Willis, P J; K. BO and H.A. TUCKER
There is considerable scope for the application of computer techniques to help the graphic designer working with printed products, provided that pictures of high technical quality result. Described here is the product of the first stage of a research programme aimed at providing computer assisted drawing aids for high quality colour pictures. The product is an interactive paint program. The paper first explains the nature of the application and the hardware available to the author. It then claims that transcription is central to the task of high quality painting. Next there is a description of the facilities available to the interactive user. Finally, a case study of the implementation of one particular command is used to illustrate the general design of the program and to illustrate why this results in a less rigid interaction than in conventional paint programs.
THE GHOST-80 INTERACTIVE METAFILE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Prior, W.A.J.; Sutherland, R.J.; C. E. Vandoni
In an interactive graphics environment, a random-access metafile has advantages over the usual serial type. A description is given of the use of such an interactive metafile in the GHOST-80 graphics system, together with details of the structure of the file and its data.
F.I.R.S.T., A HIGH RESOLUTION RASTER SCAN DISPLAY SYSTEM FOR INTERACTIVE LAYOUT OF TEXT AND FIGURES
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Röthlisberger, H.; Rakotomalala, J.; C. E. Vandoni
F.I.R.S.T. (Fast Interactive Raster scan workSTation) is designed as a low cost high performance display for interactive applications. Low cost is achieved by using dynamic memories, and high performance implies a high resolution (at least 500x 700) together with fast update rate (an image in a few seconds). Speed is achieved using a distributed architecture; several function generators, such as a character generator and a vector generator, perform the scan conversion. They are connected to the frame buffer by a fast standard pixel bus transmitting one pixel (picture element) in 500 ns. Greyscale or color monitors will require the addition of a few memory planes.
COMPUTROL IN FLIGHT SIMULATION
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Ranjbaran, Sam E.; Swallow, Ron J.; C. E. Vandoni
Computrol is a prototype computer image generator being developed by Advanced Technology Systems, a division of the Austin Company. Its high speed architecture, and allocation of certain image generation functions to hard- ware, result in handling over 40,000 edges in real-time (30 Hz frame rate). It is used in flight simulation for pilot training in take-off, airborne, landing and gaming maneuvers. The major characterists of this computer and its application in flight simulation is described in this paper.
CONSIDERATIONS ON EXTENSIONS OF INPUT FUNCTIONS BASED ON A GRAPHICAL KERNEL SYSTEM
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Hillebrand, K.; Weiss, J.; C. E. Vandoni
The German DIN-Proposal for Graphic Systems provides five classes of input types and three different methods of reading them. In this paper considerations are made on providing a much more powerful interface for the application program than specified in the standard. The basic idea is a user-definable syntax which can be dedicated to every application program under automatic run-time control. One important point is the obviously increased user aid. Last but not least the different implementation methods (central and decentral) are discussed under these aspects.
A L G R A , AN ALGEBRAIC-GRAPHIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE FOR MODELLING
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Kiesewetter, Helmut; C. E. Vandoni
The programming language ALGRA is based on algebraicgraphic structures. The basic elements of ALGRA are binary formulas of these structures. As compared to DIGRA 73 abstract structural informations may be handled by ALGRA as well as graphical ones. Thus the applicability of ALGRA for abstract modelling is eatablished. Other ingredients of DIGRA 73, like embedding in a host language and prescription of the output process, will be retained. A summary of the main features of ALGRA will be given with special accentuation on modelling processes.
TOWARDS THE INTEGRATED INTERACTIVE SYSTEM
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Newman, William; C. E. Vandoni
This paper describes the manner in which interactive systems can be expected to develop over the next few years, and discusses some of the implications for design methodology requirements. various influences are seen coming to bear on interactive systems design, causing trends towards integration of function and commonality at the user level. This is seen as bringing about increasing refinement in design methodologies for interactive systems.
A TV GRAPHICS DISPLAY FOR THE MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Anderssen, P.S.; Shering, G.; Stumpe, B.; C. E. Vandoni
The paper describes a graphical display system based on TV raster scan. Refresh signals to the TV monitors are supplied by a dedicated CAMAC module containing a digital store with one storage element per pixel. The display memory is supported both with firmware in a CAMAC display controller and with s graphics software package in the host computer. The intelligence built into the display controller relieves the host computer from the trivial tasks of the display generation. Combined with the interactive facilities of the NODAL interpreter and special devices for operator input the system offers an easy to use yet flexible interactive graphic display system suitable for industrial control applications.
THE DESIGN OF A GENERAL-PURPOSE COMMAND INTERPRETER FOR GRAPHICAL MAN-MACHINE COMMUNICATION TO BE BUILT ON TOP OF A GKS
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Borufka, H.G.; Pfaff, G.; C. E. Vandoni
A model of a general purpose graphical command interpreter (KI) is presented. It is based on the graphical kernel system (GKS) and provides the user with the most common set of commands for solving graphical problems in a dialogue process. Functions for dialogue leading, echoing, error and help messages, editing, and correcting data support interactive working. GKS is demonstrated to be a most suitable graphical basis system for the requirements of the command interpreter. This paper attends to the problems of man-machine communication. Tasks of an operator (as the user or controller of the system) and of an author (as the definator of the application system) as well as the system support of both of them are considered. To adapt the system to the various requirements, tools for extension are provided.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS APPLIED TO HUMAN MOTION ANALYSIS AND BODY FORCE EVALUATION
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Iwata, Kazuaki; Moriwaki, Toshimichi; Kawano, Tsuneo; C. E. Vandoni
The human body motions during standing up and sitting down from/to a chair are analyzed employing a minicomputer system equipped with a graphic tablet and CRT displays. A two-dimensional mathematical model of the human body is developed and its equa-tions of motions are solved to evaluate forces and torques acting at each body joint. The computer graphics are successfully utilized throughout the study in an interactive manner. The effect of aging upon the body motion is also discussed.
FAST COLOUR RASTER GRAPHICS USING AN ARRAY PROCESSOR
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Walsby, Anthony M.; C. E. Vandoni
This paper shows how an array processor technique can be used as the basis of an animated (fast) colour raster display. It is amenable to expansion for more colours, greater speed and resolution, and large scale integration techniques because of the regularity and low interconnectivity of an array. This technique could bring the speed and display file advantages of vector graphics to colour raster graphics at a reasonable price.
KISS - AN EXPERIMENT IN THE DESIGN OF IMAGE SYNTHESIS SYSTEMS
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) GRAVE, M.; C. E. Vandoni
During the last years, raster graphics have become more and more important, and there is a need in developing a new generation of graphic systems. In this paper a first experiment designed as a "raster extension" to an existing line-drawing system is presented. Some drawbacks of such an extension are shown, and then the main lines of an experimental system, designed around a frame buffer structure, are presented.
A Low-Cost, Interactive 2D Graphics Package
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Ehlers, Bryan L.; C. E. Vandoni
This paper is a proposal for a low-cost, 2 dimensional graphics design package. Its intent is to provide a naive computer-user with the essential tools of a sophisticated design station while emphasising friendly human-machine interaction. Due to the low-cost nature of the proposed system, certain resolution/speed constraints are considered in the design criteria. These are discussed and reasonable solutions are suggested. The main hardware tools which are used as the foundation of the proposal include the Apple II personal computer and the Apple Graphics Tablet, a new intelligent peripheral recently introduced by Apple.
MODELLING AND DISPLAY CONCEPTS IN A HIGH-LEVEL GRAPH I CS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Mannhardt, Ch.; Schrack, G.; C. E. Vandoni
The definition, manipulation and display of graphical data in an applications program can occur at different levels if graphical data are viewed as a hierarchy of output primitives. This paper discusses concepts of how graphical objects may be defined and desribes how these concepts are reflected in the design of the high-level graphics programming language LIG/P.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS IN MULTIPLE MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Ae, Tadashi; Takahashi, Koichi; Chiba, Haruyoshi; Ito, Tsurumi; C. E. Vandoni
In this paper we propose a method to implement the moving patterns which are consecutively related in a small computer system. Suppose that the patterns are constructed of many block elements. A pattern is derived by the operation ( such as AND, OR, EXOR, MOVE, ZOOM, ROTATE,. .. ), with another pattern if it is required as operand. The parallel execution on a multiple microprocessor system is also discussed.
SGL - A GENERAL PURPOSE INTERACTIVE SYSTEM BUILT ON TOP OF A GKS IMPLEMENTATION
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Cunha, J.D.; C. E. Vandoni
This paper presents the description of an interactive graphics system built on top of a GKS level 4 implementation. The system architecture is based on the notion of Process and the mainemphasis has been devoted to design a powerful "core", conceived as an extension of the operating system, around which different application programs can be developped with a minimum of effort.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE ODYSSEY PROJECT
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Teicholz, E.; Nisen, B.; C. E. Vandoni
There are numerous public and private agencies that are currently creating geographic (location specific) data. These agencies include the Census Bureau (County DIME, Urban Atlas, DIME files), the United States Geological Survey (Land Use Series), the Central Intelligence Agency (World Data Banks I and II), NASA (LANDSAT), the Soil Conservation Service (soil surveys) and others. In addition, there are an increasing number of commerical service bureaus offering geographically referenced data. A major problem facing planners, resource analysts, marketing analysts, mathematical geographers and others is the ability to combine these different coverages into a common data base (population, land use, sales areas, zoning districts, etc.), and the ability to comparethese irregular coverages by means of the analytical process of polygon overlay in order to create a composite coverage. This latter task would give the analyst the ability to display a map of, for example, employed persons between the ages of 40 and 50, paying between $2000 and $3000 in real estate taxes and aggregated to congressional districts. The ODYSSEY project of the Harvard Geographic Information System was designed to respond to these problems. ODYSSEY is an open-ended series of program modules that interactively create, manipulate, edit and display geographic data. More specifically, the ODYSSEY programs create data bases by integrating data from a variety of sources, enabling the manipulation of a data base (along with its associated attributes), performing analytic tasks on the data, such as polygon overlay, and displaying the results as colored or black and white thematic maps.
Easy to Use Graph Drawing Procedures in ALGOL 68
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Butland, S. D.; Butland, J.; Vandoni, C. E.
An ALGOL68 implementation of a comprehensive set of graph drawing procedures is described. The procedures are designed to enable scientists and engineers writing programs in ALGOL68 to produce a wide range of graphs with little programming effort. The ALGOL68 implementation of the package is compared with the FORTRAN versions and is found to be simpler to use. A description is given of the implementation of the package on a CDC 7600 machine. The package is built on the original FORTRAN subroutines which provide well tested error-free graph drawing software. The programmer, however, only needs to be aware of the much simpler interface provided by ALGOL68.
IMAGE MODELING ASPECTS OF NON-PROCEDURAL PARALLEL PROCESSING LANGUAGE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Enornoto, Hajime; Yonezaki, Naoki; Miyamura, Isao; C. E. Vandoni
Fundamental framework of image data modeling for image description and related high level non-procedural language are presented, Structure lines are introduced as invariant features of image to describe structure of images. To specify such structured features and processes to obtain them, we give general principles for non-procedural specification, that is. separation of definition and control. A non-procedural parallel processing language employing this principle is also introduced with examples.

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