EG1980

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TRIAL-AND-ERROR APPLICATIONS FOR INTERACTIVE DATA REPRESENTATION
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Vincents, Bo; C. E. Vandoni
This paper examines the advantages available to planners and experimental theorists of using computers to visualise their theories by generating a multiplicity of graphs interactively. The paper focuses on statistical applications, simulation and differential equation analysis. Examples show how interactive graphing systems can ease the use of complex models by immediately displaying the consequences of trial-and-error assumptions, and by revealing useful interrelationships not predicted by the theory. The paper concludes that applications exist for computer generated graphs in areas where previously hand-drawn graphs have not been practical, such as simulation, regression, estimation and forecasting.
CONSIDERATIONS ON EXTENSIONS OF INPUT FUNCTIONS BASED ON A GRAPHICAL KERNEL SYSTEM
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Hillebrand, K.; Weiss, J.; C. E. Vandoni
The German DIN-Proposal for Graphic Systems provides five classes of input types and three different methods of reading them. In this paper considerations are made on providing a much more powerful interface for the application program than specified in the standard. The basic idea is a user-definable syntax which can be dedicated to every application program under automatic run-time control. One important point is the obviously increased user aid. Last but not least the different implementation methods (central and decentral) are discussed under these aspects.
THE GHOST-80 INTERACTIVE METAFILE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Prior, W.A.J.; Sutherland, R.J.; C. E. Vandoni
In an interactive graphics environment, a random-access metafile has advantages over the usual serial type. A description is given of the use of such an interactive metafile in the GHOST-80 graphics system, together with details of the structure of the file and its data.
F.I.R.S.T., A HIGH RESOLUTION RASTER SCAN DISPLAY SYSTEM FOR INTERACTIVE LAYOUT OF TEXT AND FIGURES
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Röthlisberger, H.; Rakotomalala, J.; C. E. Vandoni
F.I.R.S.T. (Fast Interactive Raster scan workSTation) is designed as a low cost high performance display for interactive applications. Low cost is achieved by using dynamic memories, and high performance implies a high resolution (at least 500x 700) together with fast update rate (an image in a few seconds). Speed is achieved using a distributed architecture; several function generators, such as a character generator and a vector generator, perform the scan conversion. They are connected to the frame buffer by a fast standard pixel bus transmitting one pixel (picture element) in 500 ns. Greyscale or color monitors will require the addition of a few memory planes.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS APPLIED TO HUMAN MOTION ANALYSIS AND BODY FORCE EVALUATION
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Iwata, Kazuaki; Moriwaki, Toshimichi; Kawano, Tsuneo; C. E. Vandoni
The human body motions during standing up and sitting down from/to a chair are analyzed employing a minicomputer system equipped with a graphic tablet and CRT displays. A two-dimensional mathematical model of the human body is developed and its equa-tions of motions are solved to evaluate forces and torques acting at each body joint. The computer graphics are successfully utilized throughout the study in an interactive manner. The effect of aging upon the body motion is also discussed.
FAST COLOUR RASTER GRAPHICS USING AN ARRAY PROCESSOR
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Walsby, Anthony M.; C. E. Vandoni
This paper shows how an array processor technique can be used as the basis of an animated (fast) colour raster display. It is amenable to expansion for more colours, greater speed and resolution, and large scale integration techniques because of the regularity and low interconnectivity of an array. This technique could bring the speed and display file advantages of vector graphics to colour raster graphics at a reasonable price.
A Low-Cost, Interactive 2D Graphics Package
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Ehlers, Bryan L.; C. E. Vandoni
This paper is a proposal for a low-cost, 2 dimensional graphics design package. Its intent is to provide a naive computer-user with the essential tools of a sophisticated design station while emphasising friendly human-machine interaction. Due to the low-cost nature of the proposed system, certain resolution/speed constraints are considered in the design criteria. These are discussed and reasonable solutions are suggested. The main hardware tools which are used as the foundation of the proposal include the Apple II personal computer and the Apple Graphics Tablet, a new intelligent peripheral recently introduced by Apple.
SGL - A GENERAL PURPOSE INTERACTIVE SYSTEM BUILT ON TOP OF A GKS IMPLEMENTATION
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Cunha, J.D.; C. E. Vandoni
This paper presents the description of an interactive graphics system built on top of a GKS level 4 implementation. The system architecture is based on the notion of Process and the mainemphasis has been devoted to design a powerful "core", conceived as an extension of the operating system, around which different application programs can be developped with a minimum of effort.
Easy to Use Graph Drawing Procedures in ALGOL 68
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Butland, S. D.; Butland, J.; Vandoni, C. E.
An ALGOL68 implementation of a comprehensive set of graph drawing procedures is described. The procedures are designed to enable scientists and engineers writing programs in ALGOL68 to produce a wide range of graphs with little programming effort. The ALGOL68 implementation of the package is compared with the FORTRAN versions and is found to be simpler to use. A description is given of the implementation of the package on a CDC 7600 machine. The package is built on the original FORTRAN subroutines which provide well tested error-free graph drawing software. The programmer, however, only needs to be aware of the much simpler interface provided by ALGOL68.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE ODYSSEY PROJECT
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Teicholz, E.; Nisen, B.; C. E. Vandoni
There are numerous public and private agencies that are currently creating geographic (location specific) data. These agencies include the Census Bureau (County DIME, Urban Atlas, DIME files), the United States Geological Survey (Land Use Series), the Central Intelligence Agency (World Data Banks I and II), NASA (LANDSAT), the Soil Conservation Service (soil surveys) and others. In addition, there are an increasing number of commerical service bureaus offering geographically referenced data. A major problem facing planners, resource analysts, marketing analysts, mathematical geographers and others is the ability to combine these different coverages into a common data base (population, land use, sales areas, zoning districts, etc.), and the ability to comparethese irregular coverages by means of the analytical process of polygon overlay in order to create a composite coverage. This latter task would give the analyst the ability to display a map of, for example, employed persons between the ages of 40 and 50, paying between $2000 and $3000 in real estate taxes and aggregated to congressional districts. The ODYSSEY project of the Harvard Geographic Information System was designed to respond to these problems. ODYSSEY is an open-ended series of program modules that interactively create, manipulate, edit and display geographic data. More specifically, the ODYSSEY programs create data bases by integrating data from a variety of sources, enabling the manipulation of a data base (along with its associated attributes), performing analytic tasks on the data, such as polygon overlay, and displaying the results as colored or black and white thematic maps.
OPTIMIZED SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION IN SATELLITE GRAPHICS SYSTEMS
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Cullmann, Norbert; C. E. Vandoni
Interactive computer graphics requires satellite systems. The two software techniques used today with these systems ('fixed-function' and 'programmable satellite') showed to be unsatisfactory. This paper points out refined techniques which are intended to facilitate the programming of a satellite system and to increase its utilization. For this purpose, an optimization is used which delivers the distribution of an application program depending on the host load. Thus, automatic interprocess communication enables a loaddependent floating distribution. This system should also be useful for the distribution of graphical system software like GKS (Graphical Kernel System).
A CAD - SYSTEM FOR INTERACTIVE GRAPHICAL HANDLING OF HIERARCHICAL BLOCK DIAGRAM INFORMATION
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Leinemann, Klaus; C. E. Vandoni
The CAD - system named GRIMBI is designed to support the functional modelling of large engineering systems. GRIMBI includes a data definition facility, to define model classes functionally and graphically. The data manipulation facility allows for structured modelling by stepwise refinement or abstraction according to known block diagram techniques. Besides batch modelling, GRIMBI supports interactive design by delegating graphic and communication tasks to an intelligent graphic terminal. GRIMBI checks the designer input for validity and completeness.
C. G .A. L.
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Comninos, Peter; Webster, Graeme; C. E. Vandoni
C.G.A.L. stands for Computer Graphics and Animation Language, and as its name implies, it is a computer language especially designed to help the user produce still and animated pictures with a Digital Computer. The major design objective of this language was to allow non-programmers to communicate with the computer and to instruct it to produce Graphic Output for them.
IMAGE MODELING ASPECTS OF NON-PROCEDURAL PARALLEL PROCESSING LANGUAGE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Enornoto, Hajime; Yonezaki, Naoki; Miyamura, Isao; C. E. Vandoni
Fundamental framework of image data modeling for image description and related high level non-procedural language are presented, Structure lines are introduced as invariant features of image to describe structure of images. To specify such structured features and processes to obtain them, we give general principles for non-procedural specification, that is. separation of definition and control. A non-procedural parallel processing language employing this principle is also introduced with examples.
APPLICATIONS OF AN INTERACTIVE VECTOR GRAPHICS SYSTEM TO CHEMISTRY
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) WEBER, J.; BERNARDINELLI, G.; COMBREMONT, J.J.; ROCH, M.; C. E. Vandoni
This paper describes several applications to chemistry of a computer graphics equipment based on a mini-computer and an interactive vector graphics system. After a presentation of the hardware and software available, the following application programs are described and illustrated: (i) 3D visualization of molecular systems, with possible use of a windowing procedure for enlarging part of the structure; (ii) representation of dynamic processes in molecules; (iii) visualization of molecular properties derived from quantum chemical calculations. These applications, which fully exploit the potentialities of the relatively sophisticated equipment, have been developed in order to provide an adequate audio-visual support for teaching chemistry.
DRAW - A GRAPHICAL PROGRAM WITH THE ABILITY TO DRAW CHEMICAL FORMULAE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Bicknell, Keith; C. E. Vandoni
DRAW is a program that allows the user to produce diagrams on the incremental plotter or other graphical display devices by means of simple instructions. Particular requirements for chemical formulae have been catered for, and the user can build up a 'library' of structures which can be recalled and drawn with the necessary transformations. Sets of instructions can be stored as macros and used with the necessary modifications.
GENERATION OF COMPLEX 3D FINITE ELEMENT MESHES ON TURNKEY GRAPHIC SYSTEMS
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Altimimi, K.; C. E. Vandoni
This paper outlines a new approach to finite element mesh generation that has been developed at Perkins Engines on a Computervision CADDS III system. Unlike other finite element mesh generation packages, PEPFEM - G (Perkins Engines Package for Finite Elements Mesh Generation) is designed in such a way as to make it possible to <br>a) Generate complex 3D FE meshes with the minimum of data handling by the user. the user of the time consuming task of node numbering and element definition in terms of node numbers.<br>b) The user is free to use all the host graphic system commands in preparing and checking the "drawing" of the mesh.
INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS IN COMPUTER-AIDED DECISION ANALYSIS
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Carpano, Marie-Jose; Leduc-Leballeur, Andre; C. E. Vandoni
Two systems for computer-aided decision analysis are presented. In both of them the man-machine communication is achieved through graphical displays. The first one has been designed to facilitate interactive structural systems analysis. It permits us to automatically display a picture of the system on a CRT. The picture has the form of a hierarchized graph with a reasonably small number of edge-crossings. The second one has been conceived for the interactive construction of project networks and subsequent visualization of the critical path.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND ARCHITECTURE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Rogers, Gary; C. E. Vandoni
Because computer-generated architectural drawings derive from common data bases, they can be more useful than those drawn manually. Beyond viewing functions, other operations (such as financial, spatial, and thermal analyses) can be applied to the computer-based model. The development of relevant input procedures and a coherent theory and methodology for computer aided design will make computer graphics more accessible to architects. This paper describes a continuing effort to accomplish such a development.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS IN MULTIPLE MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Ae, Tadashi; Takahashi, Koichi; Chiba, Haruyoshi; Ito, Tsurumi; C. E. Vandoni
In this paper we propose a method to implement the moving patterns which are consecutively related in a small computer system. Suppose that the patterns are constructed of many block elements. A pattern is derived by the operation ( such as AND, OR, EXOR, MOVE, ZOOM, ROTATE,. .. ), with another pattern if it is required as operand. The parallel execution on a multiple microprocessor system is also discussed.

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