EGMM01: EG Multimedia Workshop 2001

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/352

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A Server-based Interactive Remote Walkthrough
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Cohen-Or, Daniel; Noimark, Yuval; Zvi, Tali; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
This paper presents a server-based remote walkthrough system. The client is assumed to be a thin client, like a handset or a mobile device, with no strong processor but with some embedded video chip. The server holds the large environment, generates the frames, encodes and transmits them to the client. The encoded frames are transmitted as a video stream to the client, which then decodes the stream and displays it. We show how the computer generated frames can be efficiently encoded using layering techniques to yield a lighter stream, which enables its transmission over narrow bandwidth channels and minimizes the communication latency. To enable the interactivity of the system, the rendering engine generates the frames in real-time according to the client input, and feeds the frames to an accelerated video encoder based on the available optical flow.
Self-Organizing Multimedia and Extremely Distributed Architectures
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Butera, William; Bove, V. Michael; Jr.,; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
The Object-Based Media Group at the MIT Media Laboratory is developing robust, self-organizing programming models for dense ensembles of ultra-miniaturized computing nodes which are deployed by the thousands in bulk fashion, e.g. embedded into building materials. While such systems potentially offer almost unlimited computation for multimedia purposes, the individual devices contain tiny amounts of memory, lack explicit addresses, have wireless communication ranges only in the range of millimeters to centimeters, and are expected to fail at high rates. An unorthodox approach to handling of multimedia data is required in order to achieve useful, reliable work in such an environment. We describe the hardware and software strategies, and demonstrate severalexampl es showing the processing of images and sound in such a system.
Abstractions in Multimedia Authoring: The MAVA Approach
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Hauser, Juergen; Tian, Jing; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
The support of abstractions in authoring systems increases the efficiency of the specification of multimedia documents. Authoring based on a very low abstraction, for example script programming, is very complex and time consuming. In addition, authoring systems supporting a high abstraction are so far restricted to one specific application area. This paper presents an extensible approach that supports abstractions in different application areas (such as computer- based training or a travel guide). In this approach a meta document model and the corresponding presentation and authoring system are developed. During conception of the authoring system, different concepts (e.g. templates or application specific views) have been realized to introduce further abstractions.
Non-Conventional Interfaces using Stamp Controllers
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Mallinder, Hugh; Jones, Huw; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
Artists continue to search for new methods of creation of artworks. The trend to interactive multimedia installation work requires systems that allow participants to interact in subtle ways. The paper describes a number of non-conventional interfaces to computer mediated art works achieved using small Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) called Stamps . These are programmed in BASIC and can be interfaced to personal computers or used as stand alone devices. They are cheap and extremely versatile in their use for non-conventional interfaces.
DynaVideo - A Dynamic Video Distribution Service
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Leite, Luiz Eduardo; Alves, Renata; Lemos, Guido; Batista, Thais; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
Most solutions proposed to implement audio and video distribution services have been designed for specific infrastructures or have been tailored to specific application requirements, such as stream and clients types which will be supported by the service. Other important aspect in this context is that the performance of distributed services is becoming increasingly variable due to changing load patterns and user mobility. This paper presents the Dynamic Video Distribution Service - DynaVideo. The service may be designed to distribute video in a way that is independent of the video format and to interact with different types of clients. The main feature of DynaVideo is the ability to configure the service dynamically to a specific demand.
Interactive, Evolutionary Textured Sound Composition
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Fels, Sidney; Manzolli, Jonatas; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
We describe a system that maps the interaction between two people to control a genetic process for generating music. We start with a population of melodies encoded genetically. This population is allowed to breed every biological cycle creating new members of the population based upon the semantics of the spatial relationship between two people moving in a large, physical space. A pre-specified hidden melody is used to select a melody from the population to play every musical cycle. The overlapping of selected melodies provides an intriguing textured musical space.
Authentication of Volume Data Using Wavelet-Based Foveation
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Kankanhalli, M. S.; Chang, E.-C.; Guan, X.; Huang, Z.; Wu, Y.; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
3D volume data has been increasingly used in many appli- cations. The digital nature of the data allows easy creation, copying and distribution. However, it also allows ease of manipulation which can enable wilful or inadvertent misrepresentation of the content. For an ap- plication like medical imaging, this can have serious diagnostic and legal implications. Thus there is a strong need to establish the integrity of a particular volume data-set. We argue that the traditional data authenti- cation mechanisms like digital signatures or cryptographic methods are not very useful in this context due to their extreme fragility. What is required is a method that can detect the integrity for allowable content- preserving manipulations.We have developed a novel authentication pro- cedure which is robust against benign content manipulation. The volume data can be robustly authenticated under normal operations such as scal- ing, resampling and additive Gaussian noise. On the other hand, it offers protection against any malefic or unintentional data manipulation which significantly changes the content of the volume data-set. Such manipu- lations include cropping, changing of voxel values etc. Our method uses segmentation, wavelet-based foveation, and encryption to achieve this. We have implemented the method and tested its robustness for several manipulations.
SPATIAL VIDEO Exploring Space Using Multiple Digital Videos
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Nobre, Edmundo M. N.; Camara, Antonio S.; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
This paper pre sents and discusses a new approach to collect, organize and explore multiple digital videos on a spatial basis. We present a methodology based on direct video frame indexation to the real space represented in the video images. This approach facilitates the exploration of space through multiple videos. An illustrative application of this technology for multimedia spatial information systems is provided. Future developments related to the three-dimensional explorations of space using digital video are also discussed.
Story Networks: 'The medium is the message'; The content, your souvenir
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Davenport, Glorianna; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
Storytelling -- a fundamental mode of human communication -- has adapted in form, content, and technique as new expressive technologies have appeared and evolved. The past century has witnessed the growth of storytelling tools, electronic media channels, and the mass media one-to-many 'broadcast' model. Today -- as we transition to digital media, ubiquitous networking, audience-sensing devices, and computer-aided content delivery -- new models of media storytelling are emerging. These forms may be designed to find you (as opposed to your finding them); to be tradable (in a peer to peer fashion) and modifiable; to be highly distributed in the space/time; to interconnect and invite browsable exploration by crowds and/or to be aggregated over time by one or more participant authors. This talk considers the form, content and technologies associated with customizable, personalizable stories of the future.
LIVE@WEB.COM Using CBIR Technology in InteractiveWeb-TV
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Morsdorf, Felix; Volmer, Stephan; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
The increasing amount of internet based television broadcasts has lead to new approachs to interactivity in TV programs. We developed a system which is able to supply the viewer of the program upon interaction with information relating to the program, only based on the low-level visual content of the scene. This aim is achieved by comparing signatures describing the visual content of single frames of the video with a remote database of signatures derived from known videos. The database actually links the visual information contained in the signatures to some second-level information interesting for the user. Two main problems in extending CBIR technology to videos must be overcome, one is the extraction of the visual information out of the highly redundant video material, and the other is reducing the matching time of the system enough to allow for web-based interactivity.
3D-dvshop: a 3D Dynamic Virtual Shop
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Sann, A.; Montrucchio, B.; Montuschi, P.; Demartini, C.; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
In recent years, virtual rality has shown all its potential in a large spectrum of applications: training, simulation, CAD, and so on. Although existing technologies allow the creation of immersive virtual reality browsing experiences, little has been devoted to applying this new tool to electronic commerce (e-commerce) since almost all e-commerce web sites present products in a 2D on-line catalog. In this paper we present 3D-dvshop, a dynamic 3D virtual shop: a user can build his or her own shop, choosing a set of products that will be dynamically placed in a collection of specially created 'rooms'. The use of technologies such as VRML and Java allows full 3D interaction with products. In this way, the browsing experience can be more natural, attractive, realistic, and fun.
Reusing Motions and Models in Animations
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Huang, Akanksha Z.; Prabhakaran, B.; Ruiz, C. R.; Jr.,; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
Computer animated 3D models have been increasingly used in multimedia presentations because they can be viewed and manipulated directly in 3D. In this paper, we propose a database approach for this problem. Our main objective is to help authors create multimedia pre- sentations by reusing existing animations. In our approach, animations are stored in databases. We define a set of metadata that describe the animations. Authors can search on these databases by issuing queries. A set of motion editing operations are defined and used to manipulate the query results to create new ones according to the requirements of the presentations.We have developed an animation toolkit implementing the approach and the results are promising.
Sobol Partial Distortion Algorithm for Fast Full Search in Block Motion Estimation
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Quaglia, Davide; Montrucchino, Bartolomeo; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
Block motion estimation is a cpu intensive task for video encoding. Many fast algorithms have been developed to solve this problem, trying to improve both block searching and block matching. Some of them reduce the image quality compared to the full search method in order to improve performance. The algorithm presented in this paper, called Sobol Partial Distoriton (SPD) algorithm, is a full search (lossless), fast matching, block motion estimation algorithm, applying partial distortion elimination. It uses a new matching strategy to quickly compute distortion and reduce block matching computation. Image-dependent computation is not required, since the matching strategy does not depend on the frame sequence. the proposed algorithm performs well in terms of computational speedup in comparison with other existing full search algorithms.
Content Based Retrieval of VRML Objects - An Iterative and Interactive Approach
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Elad, Michael; Tal, Ayellet; Ar, Sigal; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
We examine the problem of searching a database of three-dimensional objects (given in VRML) for objects similar to a given object. We introduce an algorithm which is both iterative and interactive. Rather than base the search solely on geometric feature similarity, we propose letting the user influence future search results by marking some of the results of the current search as 'relevant' or 'irrelevant', thus indicating personal preferences. A novel approach, based on SVM, is used for the adaptation of the distant measure consistently with these markings, which brings the 'relevant' objects closer and pushes the 'irrelevant' objects farther. We show that in practice very few iterations are needed for the system to cenverge well on what the user 'had in mind'.
2BeOn - Interactive Television Supporting Interpersonal Communication
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Abreu, Jorge; Almeida, Pedro; Branco, Vasco; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
Interpersonal communication mediated by computer services supports the reinforcement and emergence of new communities brought together by leisure or work interests. This paper presents a workbench system that aims to study how the same principle can be applied in interactive television. The main objective is to allow TV users to be online (2BeOn) through the integration of basic and advanced communication services, enabling them to reinforce their interpersonal communication. The 2BeOn system is based on four core components: user tracking, communication services, interface engine and collaboration content/interaction tracing. In addition to the social and behavioural context of the system, its conceptualisation, prototyping and evaluation are addressed.
Adaptive Visualization of Distributed 3D Documents Using Image Streaming Techniques
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Loeffler, Jobst; Fellner, Dieter W.; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
With the emergence of open information spaces such as digital libraries, advanced techniques for interactive visualization of complex and protected 3D documents are needed. This paper presents a new visualization concept which deals with the problems of complexity and security of digital 3D documents in open information spaces. A dynamic combination of remote and local 3D rendering is used to allow scaling of the information quantity on the client side. The software architecture SCA3D (3D Scalable Scenes Architecture), which provides functionality for adaptive visualization and protection of intellectual property rights, is presented.
Effective Exercise Instruction System Using Virtual Human
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Itami, Yoshikazu; Yoshida, Norimasa; Kitajima, Katsuhiro; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
This study aims at developing an aerobics exercise instruction software for personal use by introducing an instruction program best fit to the physical conditions of respective exerciser. The software uses the combination of virtual instructor (virtual human) and Karvonen method in order to develop a comprehensive personal aerobics exercise instruction software. Karvonen method is an algorithm of relationship between the movement of the virtual human and exercise intensity. In this study, its effectiveness is verified and confirmed. The study is mainly focused on the development of synchronization technique between the speed of animation figures' movement for controlling exercise intensity and speed of the sound output, which is the most important technique in the application of the study result into practical use.
Realising Real Time Multimedia Groupware on the Web
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Allison, Colin; Bateman, Martin; Ruddle, Alan; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
Real-time audio and video conferencing has not yet been satisfactorily integrated into web-based groupware environments. Conferencing tools are at best only loosely linked to other parts of a shared working environment. This is mainly due to the special Quality of Service (QoS) requirements that these types of resources demand. This paper describes an approach to overcoming this problem by integrating the management of video and audio conferences into the resource allocation mechanism of an existing web-based groupware framework. The issue of adaptation is discussed and a means of initialising multimedia session parameters based on predicted QoS is described. In addition to linking audio and video media rendering quality to the predicted network QoS, the use of models to reduce bandwidth is also explored, replacing video content with control data. Component technologies utilised include the TAGS groupware framework, the Java Media Framework, a Conference Control Architecture and VRML-based avatars that can intermix with real actors.
Buoy Indexing of Metric Feature Spaces for Fast Approximate Image Queries
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Volmer, Stephan; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
A novel indexing scheme for solving the problem of nearest neighbor queries in generic metric feature spaces for content-based image retrieval is proposed to break the 'dimensionality curse.' The basis for the proposed method is the partitioning of the feature dataset into clusters that are represented by single buoys. Upon submission of a query request, only a small number of clusters whose buoys are close to the query object are considered for the approximate query result, effectively cutting down the amount of data to be processed enormously. Results concerning the retrieval accuracy from extensive experimentation with a real image archive are given. The influence of control parameters is investigated with respect to the tradeoff between retrieval accuracy and computational cost.
Screen Space: Depiction and the Space of Interactive Media
(The Eurographics Association, 2001) Davis, Stephen Boyd; Jones, Huw; J.A.Jorge and N.M.Correia and H.Jones and M.B.Kamegai
The spatial properties of digital interactive multimedia are analysed and contrasted with those of pictures, and of narrative feature films and factual television. These media have developed distinctive spatial methods and questions arise concerning the transferability of such methods to other, interactive, forms. A taxonomy is proposed which reflects existing practice in digital interactive media and indicates promising lines of enquiry for the future.

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