2004: The 5th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage

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An Authoring Tool for Interactive Digital Storytelling
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Linaza, M.T.; Eskudero, H.; Lamsfus, C.; Marcos, G.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
Stories that are read are usually linear and fixed in their form and structure. Stories that are told are often flexible in these respects: the storyteller can change order and content in response to the audience reaction and participation. Interactive multimedia and digital storytelling technologies now make the presentation of interactive stories possible, with non-linear narrative flow and dynamic character definitions and developments. Authoring such interactive stories has thus become a new challenge for authors and artists. We report on the development and initial tests of a prototype authoring support tool that is intended to support authors in the design, construction and specification of Digital Interactive Stories for multimedia presentation platforms. This Authoring Tool is part of the art-E-fact project- a collaborative project funded by the EU- in which it serves as an experimental platform for understanding how artists and authors want to create these new kinds of 'Digital Stories'.
Virtual San Storytelling for Children: Content vs. Experience
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Ladeira, I.; Blake, E. H.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
This paper describes the development of a Virtual Environment (VE) for telling a traditional San story. The San are an indigenous hunter-gatherer people of southern Africa whose traditional lifestyle has become almost extinct. We present a study which gauges the effectiveness of a San storytelling VE with high-school students. We defined an effective cultural storytelling experience as one in which the story is understood and enjoyed. We explored the possibility of fostering an interest in the story's cultural context. We drew from a number of disciplines in this paper: archeology, film and VE authoring for the creation of our VE; educational theory and psychology research principles in our experimental methodology. In our study we evaluated the effectiveness of a storytelling VE in comparison to reading a story as text.We considered comprehension of the story, the amount of subsequent interest shown in the San culture and the level of enjoyment, boredom and confusion. We found that comprehension of the story was significantly higher for the text group than for the Virtual Reality (VR) group (F(1)
Developing the Tourism Aspects of a Cultural Route
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Owen, Ruth; Buhalis, Dimitrios; Pletinckx, Daniël; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
A cultural route links destinations that contain illustrations of a common theme, for example religion. It has been reported that the number of cultural routes are increasing. However, to date there is no evidence in the literature of any studies developing a framework which outlines the information visitors may require when following a cultural route. This paper describes a framework which is designed to be used by those responsible for planning and implementing cultural routes. The framework also serves as the structure of a web portal that is intended to act as an example of good practice for other cultural route portals to follow. Keywords: Documentation, Internet, Portal
New Perspectives on Ancient Landscapes: A Case Study of the Foulness Valley
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Pansiot, J.; Chapman, P.M.; Viant, W.J.; Halkon, P.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
The standard method for gathering and representing archaeological information consists of two-dimensional layer managers. This paper presents an archaeological Geographical Information System (GIS) based on an immersive virtual environment. Our goal is to provide an immersive visualisation of multiple datasets relating to the Foulness Valley in East Yorkshire. By maximising the user s visual bandwidth within an immersive virtual environment, we have provided archeologists with greater insight into the Foulness Valley datasets using both existing and novel visualisation tools and techniques. Keywords: Archaeology, Virtual Environment, Immersive, CIDOC CRM.
Adaptive Crowd Behaviour to Aid Real-Time Rendering of a Cultural Heritage Environment
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Ryder, G.; Flack, P.; Day, A. M.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
In current city visualisations crowds are being included to increase realism in the scene. With the self-steering nature of crowds it is traditionally difficult to control the number of humans that could be in view at any one time. While rendering speedups have been successfully applied for many years, this paper takes another approach with the aim to keep a steady frame rate. We attempt to influence the crowd dynamics to maintain the frame rate, without this becoming apparent to the user. We show how this work can be applied to a virtual reality tour of a medieval town.
The Museum of Pure Form: touching real statues in an immersive virtual museum
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Loscos, C.; Tecchia, F.; Frisoli, A.; Carrozzino, M.; Widenfeld, H. Ritter; Swapp, D.; Bergamasco, M.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
In the Museum of Pure Form, we explore a novel way of presenting art to visitors of a museum, allowing them to virtually touch artefacts in a virtual museum. In order to realise this the statues are first digitised with a scanner so that they can be placed in a virtual museum. The virtual museum is then displayed on a 3D stereo screen. The visitor uses a purpose-built two-contact-point haptic device, mounted on an exoskeleton, to explore the shape of a piece of art which the visitor would otherwise be forbidden to touch in a conventional museum. We have tested such an installation in a CAVE-like system. The results show that the users are in favour of using a haptic device in this context.
3D Face Reconstruction from Skull Aimed to Archaeological Applications. The Site of Murecine: a Case Study
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Abate, A.F.; Nappi, M.; Ricciardi, S.; Sabatino, G.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
This paper presents a methodology to generate a 3D face model from its skull that is specifically aimed to archaeological/anthropological applications. The proposed approach to facial reconstruction, starting from the well established landmark based reconstruction technique", relies on craniometrical analysis and content based image retrieval technology to achieve a more ethnically faithful reproduction of main facial features respect to other methods based uniquely on very large scale statistical data. It also tries to address the problem of a plausible reproduction of important physiognomic features (such as eyes, nose, lips, ears and hairs) which simply can t be inferred from the skull. The facial reconstruction of a female subject found in the archaeological site of Murecine (Pompei) who found death during the volcanic eruption in 79 a. C. is presented as a case study.
iClay: Digitizing Cuneiform
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Cohen, Jonathan; Duncan, Donald; Snyder, Dean; Cooper, Jerrold; Kumar, Subodh; Hahn, Daniel; Chen, Yuan; Purnomo, Budirijanto; Graettinger, John; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
Advances in digital technology for the graphic and textual representation of manuscripts have not, until recently, been applied to the world's oldest manuscripts, cuneiform tablets. This is due in large part both to the three-dimensional nature of cuneiform tablets and to the complexity of the cuneiform script system. The Digital Hammurabi Project and the Initiative for Cuneiform Encoding announce success in encoding Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform in Unicode while also demonstrating advances in 3D scanning and visualization of cuneiform tablets, showcased by iClay, a cross-platform, Internet-deployable, Java applet that allows for the viewing and manipulation of 2D+ images of cuneiform tablets.
An Interactive Visualisation Interface for Virtual Museums
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Liarokapis, F.; Sylaiou, S.; Basu, A.; Mourkoussis, N.; White, M.; Lister, P.F.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
Cultural institutions, such as museums are particularly interested in making their collections accessible to people with physical disabilities. New technologies, such as Web3D and augmented reality (AR) can aid museums to respond to this challenge by building virtual museums accessible over the Internet or through kiosks located in accessible places within the museum. In this paper, we propose a prototype user-friendly visualisation interface that uses Web3D and AR techniques to visualise cultural heritage artefacts for virtual museum exhibitions. User interactions within the virtual museum are performed in an effective way with the help of assistive technology, so that users can feel completely related with the virtual museum artefacts and so benefit in terms of education and entertainment.
Digital reconstruction of the Arrigo VII funerary complex
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Baracchini, C.; Brogi, A.; Callieri, M.; Capitani, L.; Cignoni, P.; Fasano, A.; Montani, C.; Nenci, C.; Novello, R. P.; Pingi, P.; Ponchio, F.; Scopigno, R.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
The results of a project aimed to the study, reconstruction and presentation to the public of a monument disassembled and dispersed, the mausoleum of the emperor Arrigo VII, are presented here. We used modern 3D graphics for the acquisition of accurate digital models of all the elements of the funerary complex, to draw hypothesis on its original architecture, and finally to present all this knowledge to the museum public. Issues emerged during 3D scanning are discussed. The multimedia museum presentation was implemented with an interactive visualization system, which was extended to manage standard multimedia data together with 3D geometry.
3D orientation of archaeological fragments coming from a Gothic spire
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Laugerotte, C.; Warzée, N.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
In this paper, we address the problem of 3D mesh orientation applied to archaeological fragments coming from a Gothic spire. Initially, these fragments are handled leading to their deterioration while the accuracy of measures (distances, molding shape,. . . ) is not always relevant. To facilitate their study, a 3D acquisition process is applied on these fragments to work on their virtual representations and computerised tools can be proposed. One of them consists in finding the orientation of a 3D mesh. Unfortunately, existing methods provide unexpected results. This is mainly due to the presence of ornamentations we can assimilate to outliers. Therefore, we propose a new method based on the identification of significant areas on the 3D mesh and on the determination of their associated orientation by considering differential parameters. Then, a voting method is performed to identify the orientation appearing the most frequently. Applied on the fragments, we obtain successful results allowing to go further in their analysis.
The Shotton River and Mesolithic Dwellings: Recreating the Past from Geo-Seismic Data Sources
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Chang, Eugene; Stone, Robert J.; Arvanitis, Theodoros N.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
The Mesolithic Period in Europe has been a much-discussed area in archaeological research. As far as is known, the project reported herein represents the first attempt to visualise an otherwise inaccessible Mesolithic site with Virtual Reality (VR) technology, exploiting real geo-seismic data sources of the Southern North Sea. This paper presents the techniques and technology used in reconstructing an ancient river valley discovered while gathering seismic data for petroleum in the North Sea. The virtual landscape reconstruction is populated with vegetation types based on pollen records of the same period in nearby region, and 3D models of Mesolithic dwellings have been grouped into villages and positioned near possible settlement areas. The final VR environment has been brought to life via real-time interactive walkthroughs, complete with environmental and spatial sound effects. This paper also describes the various software applications and hardware used for implementing the high-quality static models and the high-performance interactive world, the latter intended for delivery via the WWW and multimedia for educational purposes.
A Point-Based Approach for Capture, Display and Illustration of Very Complex Archeological Artefacts
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Duguet, Florent; Drettakis, George; Girardeau-Montaut, Daniel; Martinez, Jean-Luc; Schmitt, Francis; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
In this paper we present a complete point-based pipeline for the capture, display and illustration of very large scans of archeological artifacts. This approach was developed as part of a project involving archeologists and computer graphics researchers, working on the Delphi 'Dancers Column'. We first determined the archeologists' requirements for interactive viewing and documentary illustration. To satisfy these needs we use a compact pointbased structure of the very large data, permitting interactive viewing in 3D. This helps the archeologists to examine and position the fragments. We introduce efficient construction algorithms for this structure, allowing it to be built on limited-memory platforms, such as those available on the field. We also propose a new stylized rendering approach based on an inverse cylindrical projection and 2D skydome rendering. This illustrative style has been used as a planning tool for fragment docking and as a substitute for traditional illustration in an archeological publication. Other uses of these tools are currently under way in the context of this project.
Image-Based Registration of 3D-Range Data Using Feature Surface Elements
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Bendels, Gerhard Heinrich; Degener, Patrick; Wahl, Roland; Körtgen, Marcel; Klein, Reinhard; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
Digitizing real-life objects via range scanners, stereo vision or tactile sensors usually requires the composition of multiple range images. In this paper we exploit intensity images often recorded with the range data and propose a fully automatic registration technique using 2D-image features with intrinsic scale information for finding corresponding points on the 3D-views. In our approach, the fine registration of two range images is performed by first aligning the feature points themselves, followed by a so-called constrained-domain alignment step. In the latter, rather than feature points, we consider feature surface elements that are derived using the scale information inherently established with the 2D-features. The global registration error is minimized using graph relaxation techniques to mediate the transformations required to align the multiple range images. We demonstrate the power and feasibility of our method by a case-study in the cultural heritage domain.
Generation of High-Resolution Mosaic for Photo-Realistic Texture-Mapping of Cultural Heritage 3D Models
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Remondino, Fabio; Niederoest, Jana; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
The work investigates the problem of how information contained in different overlapping images of a scene can be combined to produce larger images of higher quality. The resulted images can be used for different applications like forensic image analysis, computer animation, special effects, 3D model texture mapping or panorama mosaic. In our case, high-resolution image mosaics of mural frescos are required for the texturing of a 3D model that will be used in a movie production. We developed a novel method for the derivation of a high quality mosaic using multi-resolution and multi-temporal images acquired from arbitrary positions and cameras. This method named constrained mesh-wise affine transformation allows for seamless enhancement of the scene in the areas where higher resolution images are available. In this paper, we also discuss alternative procedures for the texture mapping of a 3D model using existing multi-resolution and multi-temporal imagery. The work has been done within a project aimed at a virtual and physical reconstruction of the destroyed Buddha statues of Bamiyan, Afghanistan.
The potential of internet-based techniques for heritage interpretation
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Kreisel, W.; Gee, K.; Dickmann, F.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
This paper deals with the use of internet-based techniques in the context of applied heritage interpretation, using an old industrial area in central Germany as a case study example. The paper sets out basic principles of heritage interpretation, which are then contrasted to the special qualities of internet-based techniques. Potential advantages and disadvantages of using internet-based techniques in heritage interpretation are discussed. The paper then focuses on the development of heritage interpretation for the town and region of Schöningen, where the defining industry of open-cast brown coal mining is gradually being replaced. Tourism is likely to focus on the special cultural heritage of this region, which includes an important prehistoric site and 400.000 year old wooden spear found in the mining area. Different internet technologies are discussed in the context of realising ideas of heritage interpretation, followed by suggestions for practical implementation. Despite the undoubted uses of internet-based techniques and resulting benefits for heritage interpretation however, we conclude that internet-based approaches can at best supplement approaches taking place in the landscape itself.
Telling the Local Story: An Interactive Cultural Presentation System for Community and Regional Settings
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Pletinckx, Daniel; Jaegher, Lars De; Helsen, Truus; Langen, Iris; Silberman, Neil; Donckt, Marie-Claire Van der; Stobbe, Jan; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
This paper presents the results of the implementation of prototype culture heritage presentation systems in a village, a small town and a region. These systems focus on cost efficiency, sustainability, local identity and integration in tourism, and are based on an innovative approach of interactive storytelling. This approach facilitates effective public presentation of historical and archaeological data systems in local cultural heritage settings.
Interactive Cloth Editing and Simulation in Virtual Reality Applications for Theater Professionals
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Koutsonanos, D.; Moustakas, K.; Tzovaras, D.; Strintzis, M. G.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
This paper presents an efficient framework for the interactive simulation and editing of clothing over avatars. Specifically, a very efficient costume designer application is proposed based on new developments in cloth modeling simulation and animation. To animate cloth an hierarchical simulator is used, which speeds up the simulation without loosing in accuracy. Enhanced interaction potentiality is provided to the application user, using haptic devices with 6DOF for interaction. Furthermore, the user is capable of editing the cloth mesh, thus generating alternative versions of it, which could be more appropriate for a costume designer application. The mesh editing is performed so as to assure the stability of the simulation and the realism of the application. In order to validate the usability of our application, a number of case studies were conducted, which showed that the present system is efficient, user friendly and realistic. Keywords: Interactive cloth modeling, cloth editing, virtual reality applications, theater professionals, haptic
A Novel Approach to Context-Sensitive Guided e-Tours in Cultural Sites: Light Augmented Reality on PDAs
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Vlahakis, V.; Demiris, A.; Bounos, E.; Ioannidis, N.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
This paper focuses on the design parameters of mobile electronic guides for cultural sites and museums. We treat issues like user interaction and portability and present practical solutions for their installation and operation in uncontrolled indoor and outdoor environments. Initial experiences from the archaeological site of Pompeii, Italy, are reported. The major contribution of the paper is the proposal of a new concept, that of light Augmented Reality for portable guides which we believe will dominate the field of cultural guiding in the near future. Our implementation aims at setting the standards for such applications and initial qualitative results are presented from its test use.
As Time Flies By: Mixed Image and Model-Based Rendering of an Historical Landscape from Helicopter Images
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Vergauwen, M.; Pletinckx, D.; Willems, G.; Verbiest, F.; Gool, L. Van; Helsen, Truus; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
For the preservation of cultural heritage to be successful the general public must be able to experience sites and reconstructions in an intuitive, yet convincingly real way. In this paper, a pipeline is discussed that can be employed to generate an interactive presentation of landscape reconstruction through a Quicktime VR object movie. Images of the current landscape are registered with virtual reconstructions of the same landscape through time.

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