DH2013 - Track 3

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/12324

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Knowledge Cube
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Alrawi, Osama; -
Architectural identity, as an evolutionary chain of creative tradition, can only be sustained and revived from within, starting with a strengthening of these very internal processes and not by imposing external forms. Usually talking about architectural heritage it is just about the one preserved for touristic events. To overcome this shortage we are going to deal with depends on knowledge or expertise and also on effective application of requisite processing operations to relevant knowledge. The prototyping, testing, evaluation and evolution all use the formidable power of the computer, but the initial spark come from human creativity. The aim of this paper is to resolve the missing integrative vision of culture as a phenomena concept within the existing ontologies. One common criticism of visualization research is that it presents techniques that are technically interesting but that do not provide solutions to real problems. This is a classic problem in research tool and system designs, where technologists have a vision, based on what is computationally possible, but lack an understanding of what is really needed to solve the problems of their generative systems to become a source of inspiration for architectural design process. The new relations between digital form and digital processes are contributing today to the emergence of new conceptual vocabulary, and domain knowledge. Ontologies are known as artifacts designed to model domains of knowledge in a machine understandable manner. In order to exploit machine power in historical data processing it would be necessary to achieve machine interpretable knowledge which is tied with knowledge representation and ontologies. Creative thought potential users. The solution to this problems are the imaginative use which means using the computer like the genii in the bottle to compress evolutionary space and time so that complexity and emergent architectural forms are also a source of inspiration.
The virtual concreteness of the architectural project. Ideas and experimentations for a digital archive of the Italian Masters work of the 20th century
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Albisinni, Piero; Carlo, Laura De; Kantas, Prokopios; Mancini, Matteo Flavio; Moscarelli, Alessia; Mulla, Erald; -
We propose to illustrate a methodological approach aimed to establish a "Digital archive of the Italian Masters work in the second half of the 20th century". To this end, we consider the architectural project from its graphic layout as a cultural heritage. Being as part of the field of new representational forms investigation, this work aims at designing, analyzing and communicating architecture. Thanks to its wide professional relapses, its prefiguration of architectural projects and its diffusion through different media, this is a highly developed research area (also at an international level). This is due to continuous development and usage of informatics technologies also in the architectural representation field. New forms of multimedia communication allow using image in all of its forms, from movement to "real-time" visualization, to the so-called "augmented reality" so we overcome the text and image dichotomy using the iconic processing as a critical-interpretative instrument. Computer modeling techniques, used for the project communication at different scales, are particularly suited for the analysis of architecture especially the not-built-ones. They allow the reconstruction of the design process which lead to the spatial, morphological, functional configuration. Italian architects of the second half of last century, represented the national vanguard of contemporary architectural culture through their works. Going over the evolution of their design experimentations we need to involve both the institutional structures delegated to project materials storage, and those responsible for the valorization and dissemination of the architectural culture in Italy.
Application of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) technology in the characterisation of construction materials in exceptional buildings: first results.
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Ureña, María Jesús Aguilera; Larriva, José Emilio Meroño de; Ballesteros, Andrés Ortega; Moreno, Alberto Jesús Perea; Neira, Julia Barrios; -
This work discusses the use of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis with the object of studying the degree of degradation of stone material and other elements in cultural heritage monuments, as an alternative to traditional laboratory methods, with the advantage of being a fast non-destructive process that requires little or no sample preparation, thereby reducing the amount of time required and the expense. NIRS is a spectroscopic method which uses the near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from about 800 nm to 2500 nm). The technique can help to identify a chemical component starting from their different Near IR absorption spectrum. It has been widely applied over the last forty years in food and agricultural science and in many other fields such as pharmatheutics, medicine, forestry and petrochemical. However, it has rarely been applied with the purpose mentioned in this paper. The study was conducted on the Church of "Santa Marina de Aguas Santas", situated in the historical centre of the city of Cordoba (Spain). This paper presents the first stage of the research. Samples taken in situ are analyzed by a NIR spectrometer in laboratory. The object is to obtain models for the quantification of majority components of stone material (calcium and quartz) as well as indexes of alteration, from NIR response of the samples. After this, it will be necessary to study if these models would have a correct behaviour being applied with data taken in situ, with a portable NIR. The results obtained prove that this technique can be efficiently applied saving both time and money.
Home, sense of place and visitors intepretation of digital cultural immersive experiences in museums.
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Schettino, Patrizia; -
What is the relationship between the visitor's hybrid identity and his/her interpretation process? How can his/her relationship with one or more places affect the understanding of a real place, a virtual place, or a digital representation of a real place through augmented panoramas? This paper will answer these two research questions, interpreting the patterns emerging from data collected about visitors' experiences in the immersive environment PLACE-Hampi, designed by Sarah Kenderdine and Jeffrey Shaw. The paper is based on a method which the author calls ''embodied constructivist GTM digital ethnography in situ''.
Portrait Sculptures of Augustus: Categorization via Local Shape Comparison
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Lu, Min; Zhang, Yujin; Zheng, Bo; Masuda, Takeshi; Ono, Shintaro; Oishi, Takeshi; Sengoku-Haga, Kyoko; Ikeuchi, Katsushi; -
3D shape comparison with digital copies draws increasing attention in modern culture heritage studies. In this paper, we focus on analyzing portrait sculptures of Augustus with 3D scanned data. A feasible framework of automatic object categorization is proposed based on shape comparison, where distinguishing regions are simultaneously detected as well. High coincidence between our result and previous archaeological speculations is observed in validation experiments, which confirms the validity of the proposed method.
Investigating a multi-paradigm system for the management of archaeological data: Corpus Lapidum Burgundiae
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Leclercq, Eric; Savonnet, Marinette; Troya, Andres; Buttner, Stephane; -
Scientific Information Systems (SIS) must move beyond data repositories and closed systems, to allow collaborations among different research disciplines, to include new types of data, to control data quality, and to enable semantic interoperability. Archaeological data include textual information, measures, sketches, photographies, 3D models, and a vast amount of links between data and historical information sources. We develop a formal model for ontology-based annotations that conforms to a semi-ring algebraic structure and we define a subset of algebraic operators to query annotations. We show how our approach is instantiated in a collaborative Web platform for the Burgundy Stone project.
Laser-Scanned Tree Stem Filtering for Forest Inventories Measurements
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Ravaglia, Joris; Bac, Alexandra; Piboule, Alexandre; -
With specific flora and fauna, regional landscapes and forests constitute an important part of the cultural heritage. Several natural environments have already been classified as national or regional parks. The UNESCO World Heritage covers 13% of the protected forests in the world. Thus, preserving those sites represents a crucial issue. Such a safeguarding involves a detailed knowledge of the sites and forestry management plans. The management of a natural forest is traditionally based on forest plot inventories in which several features of the trees are measured. The set of data collected during these inventories represents the starting point of forest monitoring, flora preservation and risks prevention. Traditionally, measurements are made manually by operators. However, during the last decade, terrestrial laser scanning has become a new and promising way of measuring such attributes. This instrument provides a fine three dimensional point cloud virtual representation of the scanned scene. Trees location, stem diameter, and stem taper can be extracted from these point clouds using pattern recognition algorithms. In this paper we present a novel two steps way to improve the quality of tree branching detection in a three dimensional point cloud acquired by terrestrial laser scanner. This method was developped in order to enhance the results of a previous study. Our approach is based on the combination of a simplification step (using particle simulation), followed by a shape detection (discrete arcs of circle detection). It identifies the lack of accuracy in tree stem diameter measurements at branching junctions for further more detailled analysis.
The patrimonialization process of advertising : from scorn and mistrust to documentary heritage, archive, and history
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Armand, Cécile; -
This short essay aims at tracing the patrimonialization process of advertising from the 19th century to nowadays. The process followed third steps. First, advertising evolved from a despised object to a valuable cultural artifact. Considered as useless or deceitful in first place, advertising has gradually managed to gain legitimacy as a useful and even necessary tool for both companies that want to sell their products and for consumers in search of information, and finally as a cultural artifact and a work of art worthy of being collected or entering museums or exhibitions (from French poster designers such as Jules Chéret or Toulouse-Lautrec to the creative revolution in the 1960s or the more recent exhibitions Goudemalion at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs in Paris in 2012). This process of recognition is mainly due to the efforts made by advertisers who participate in the profesionalization process of their activities at the time. The second and more recent step, from a cultural object to an archive, raises such sensible issues as collecting and preserving advertisements; digitization (digitized/digital-born ads; methods and tools); metadata and semantic. As a specific archive, torn between abundance and scarcity or unequal quality of data, it requires a specific literacy from archivists who need to be trained for that purpose. The case of Duke University will serve to illustrate these questions. The last step from an available archive to a historical material also requires a special literacy for historians to build databases and corpora, to identify and select the accurate documents, to choose the appropriate methodology and tools to examine and interpret this specific material. Finally, the question of whether and how to use advertising as a material to imagine new forms of historical narratives (visual or digital narratives, vi- tual exhibits) will be explored. Last but not least, we will examine the transformation of ads in the last decade through digital approaches, the impact of digitization on copyright and on the preservation and study of advertising.
High performance hybrid FEM/DEM simulation tool for numerical analysis of historical structures
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Bagnéris, Marine; Dubois, Frédéric; Jean, Michel; Martin, Alexandre; Taforel, Paul; Visseq, Vincent; -
The current paper aims at presenting the various aspects of a modeling and simulation framework dedicated to the study of historical structures considered as complex mechanical systems with interactions (contact, friction, cohesion, etc) and multi-physics couplings (thermal effects, diffusion, etc). Based on the proposed framework a simulation tool has been developed, with a complete strategy (pre-processing, simulation, post-processing), making possible to deal efficiently with the numerical modeling of those structures; it is available as an open-source software: LMGC90 [4].
Building Information Modelling and the Documentation of Architectural Heritage: between the typical and the specific
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Fai, Stephen; Sydor, Mikael; -
One of the greatest challenges to using Building Information Modelling (BIM) for the documentation of architectural heritage is in overcoming the propensity of the software toward standardization. Most BIM applications are optimized for industrialized building systems where even a minor deviation in geometry or dimension between like elements is considered problematic. Heritage buildings, on the other hand, are more typically constructed of unique elements that, while sometimes similar, can never be assumed to be identical. For example, two Corinthian capitals from the Temple of Mars Ultor may be similar, but they are not the same. In this paper, we discuss a novel method for developing a BIM for a unique vernacular building in eastern Ontario, Canada. Constructed anonymously in two discrete stages during the last half of the 19C, the builders employed both stacked log and an idiosyncratic balloon frame construction. Both types of construction are far from the standard assemblies found in commercial BIM software. In discussing the construction of the model, we will outline the integration of detailed survey data, including pointcloud, with a library of 'typical', but parametric, construction details under development by our research group. While the survey provides an accurate geometrical record of the building under discussion including structural deformations the library is used to develop the specific assemblies and is based on, and fully indexed to, 'typical' details culled from construction manuals available in Canada during the late 19C.
When script engravings reveal a semantic link between the conceptual and the spatial dimensions of a monument: the case of the Tomb of Emperor Qianlong.
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Luca, Livio De; Busayarat, Chawee; Domenico, Francesca De; Lombardo, Julie; Pierrot-Deseilligny, Marc; Stefani, Chiara; Wang, Françoise; -
Like most Chinese imperial tombs, the tomb of Emperor Qianlong consists of a suite of four rooms forming a underground space of 372 m2. Its originality lies in the inscriptions which are engraved on the walls and vaults and exclusively in Tibetan (30,000 characters) and Lantsa (600 characters). In the project we present here, all engravings were digitized and a large part of them have been identified. Their identification has highlighted the idea which was certainly at the base of ornamental program of the Qianlong's tomb: the choice of texts and their particular arrangement was used to virtually reconstruct a "stupa" : a Buddhist funerary monument. So the study and representation of script engravings and iconography of the tomb opened the general issue of finding an original solution to explain, from a visual and semantic point of view, the relationship of two parallel dimensions. On the one hand, the description of the morphology of the tomb through the spatial structure of geometric entities in a 3D model (collection of architectural forms and spatial relationships), on the other hand, the description of knowledge related to the Tibetan funeral rituals (abstract concepts and semantic relations). The formalized and represented textual and graphics data become accessible within an analytical support (information system) allowing to explore the relationship between the conceptual and spatial dimensions of the tomb through three interactive devices interconnected: a real-time 3D scene for exploring the physical space, a dynamic graph for navigating within a network of interconnected concepts, an graphic schema displaying the theoretical position of each conceptual and spatial entity within the representation of a virtual stupa.
Aspects of the Digitalisation of the Documentation and Research of Lithuanian Historical Organs
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Povilionis, Girenas; Povilioniene, Rima; -
About 450 historical organs have survived to the present day in Lithuania. Some of them are almost completely authentic instruments which constitute valuable heritage and have been recognised as being unique in European context. Currently the digitalisation of the data about the Lithuanian organ heritage is being implemented at the Centre for the Lithuanian Cultural Heritage since 2000 (until then non-digital data were accumulated) and is oriented towards the promotion of this part of the country's heritage, and scientific research. The most valuable instruments included on the heritage list are registered in detail: comprehensive photography of their separate parts and equipment, engineering data, as well as that of the surviving authentic mechanism and parts. A research into the instrumental part of some the most valuable organs (the organs in the church in Joniskis, the churches of the Holy Spirit and the Bernardine in Vilnius) is introduced. By the drawings it is possible to recreate an organ or make a copy-replica in case it is destroyed; the data can be used to make a new instrument according to old organ-making traditions.
A Model to anticipate and analyse Requirements of Heritage Organisations wishing to actively participate in Europeana
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Muhammad, Naeem; Koutalieris, George; Streefkerk, Marco; Poot, Nathalie; Alloing, Sam; Wyns, Roxanne; -
Heritage organisations wishing to participate in open and public aggregators such as Europeana, need to review and revise their own digital curation workflow processes in order to tackle both the technical integration as well as the organizational and operational issues. This framework of challenges is addressed by Europeana Inside, a new project co-funded by the European Union under the CIP-ICT-PSP Programme. In this paper, the major results that were produced during the functional specification activities are summarised and the MSP-VSE model that was deployed for the harmonisation of requirements is presented. MSP-VSE is currently being used to drive the cascading ECK Prototype Iterations and the related software evaluations performed by participating content providers.
The Cathedral of Palermo: from survey to historic interpretation
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Agnello, Fabrizio; -
The Norman kings built the Cathedral of Palermo at the end of the XII century, in the same place where an older Christian church and then a mosque were sited. Many features of the Cathedral echo the Norman churches in northern France and in England, whilst some others belong to the peculiar mixing of Norman, Muslim and Byzantine culture that characterizes the art and architecture of medieval Sicily. At the end of the XVIII century the church underwent huge and extensive transformations, that deeply altered its original shape. The historic sources that document the Medieval church are some XVIII century perspective drawings, and a textual description. The Cathedral has been surveyed with topographic and laser scanning devices; some decorative elements have been surveyed with a structured light scanner. In this study survey, 3D modelling and historic sources have been integrated for the purpose to detect the elements that survived the transformations and propose a virtual reconstruction of the state of the Cathedral before the end of the XVIII century.
News Search Using Discourse Analytics
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Thompson, Paul; Nawaz, Raheel; Korkontzelos, Ioannis; Ananiadou, Sophia; -
The vast numbers of digitised documents containing historical data constitute a rich research data repository. However, computational methods and tools available to explore this data are still limited in functionality. Research on historical archives is still largely carried out manually. Text mining technologies offer novel methods to analyse digital content to identify various types of semantic information in these documents and to extract them as semantic metadata. Methods range from the automatic identification of named entities (e.g., people, places, organisations, etc.) to more sophisticated methods to extract information about events (e.g., births, deaths, arrests, etc.), allowing users to greatly increase the specificity of their search. We have created an extended model of event interpretation to allow searches to be refined based on various discourse facets, including isolating definite information about events from more speculative details, distinguishing positive and negative opinions and categorising events according to information source. We present ISHER as an example of a multi-faceted, semantically oriented system for searching news articles from the New York Times, dating back to 1987. We explain how our extended event interpretation model can enhance search capabilities in systems such as ISHER, including the identification of contrasting and contradictory information in news articles.
A computer-assisted constraint-based system for assembling fragmented objects
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Palmas, Gregorio; Pietroni, Nico; Cignoni, Paolo; Scopigno, Roberto; -
We propose a computer-assisted constraint-based methodology for virtual reassembly of Cultural Heritage (CH) artworks. Instead than focusing on automatic, unassisted reassembly, we targeted the scenarios where the reconstruction process is not be based on shape properties only but it is build over the experience and intuition of a CH expert. Our purpose is therefore to design a flexible interactive system, based on the selection of a set of constraints which relates different fragments, according to the understanding and experience of the CH operator. Once the user has defined those constraints, the system searches for a suitable solution, using a global energy minimization strategy that considers simultaneously all the pieces involved in the reconstruction process. Additionally, our framework provides the possibility to work in a hierarchical way, mimicking the traditional physical procedure that archaeologists use to reassemble tangible fractured objects. The frameworks is designed to work even with fragments that could have been severely damaged or eroded. On those datasets, automatic approaches may often fail, since the fractured regions do not contain enough geometric information to infer the correct matches. We present some successful uses of our framework on real application scenarios.
Digital reconstruction and visualization in archaeology. Case-study drawn from the work of the Swedish Pompeii Project
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Dell'Unto, Nicolò; Ferdani, Daniele; Leander, Anne Marie; Dellepiane, Matteo; Callieri, Marco; Lindgren, Stefan; -
The Swedish Pompeii Project started in 2000 as a research and fieldwork activity initiated by the Swedish Institute in Rome. The aim was to record and analyze an entire Pompeian city-block, Insula V 1. Since autumn 2011 a new branch of advanced digital archaeology, involving 3D reconstructions and documentation methods, was added to the project agenda. The insula was completely digitized using laser scanner technology and the raw data were employed to develop different research activities in the area of digital visualization. This paper presents the recent results of the 3D interpretation of the house of Caecilius Iucundus. This research activity was developed employing a large variety of historical and archaeological sources such as: archaeological reports, historical image documentation (printed as well as in edited material) and analysis of the in situ structures. This work was characterized by the experimentation of a new workflow of data development, where the elaboration of the interpreted structures took place directly in virtual space, using the scanned model as geometrical reference. This method easily connected all the historical and archaeological sources collected for the interpretation, opening a new discussion about different possible interpretation of the house. Moreover, a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) was used in different occasions as platform where the different hypotheses could be discussed in the context given by the actual state of the archaeological structures. The use of an accurate and resolute replica of the site as a backdrop for the virtual reconstruction allowed a high level of control on the proposed hypotheses during the interpretation process. This study enabled the acquisition of new and important information about the house, thus, bringing a significant contribution to the archaeological analysis of Insula V 1, suggested as pilot project for wider use.
Cellars of Paris, under the cobbles, cellars!
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Sandron, Dany; Chaumet, Gregory; -
This project of systematic investigation of Parisian cellars is by nature pluri-disciplinary. It relies on the complementary skills of historians, architectural historians, archaeologists, architects and engineers. For several years, the Centre Chastel (UMR 8150) has developed a specific research axis about Paris, and is now associated with other organisations that have produced expert works and surveys on the development of the city based on documentary and archaeological materials: the Department for History of Architecture and Archaeology of Paris (DHAAP), the Heritage and inventory services of the Ile de France region, which benefits from a strong regional experience in the analysis of cellars, the National Archives and their centre on the historical topography of Paris and the INRAP engineers and archaeologists.
Bologna porticoes project: a 3D repository for WHL UNESCO nomination
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Apollonio, Fabrizio Ivan; Gaiani, Marco; Felicori, Mauro; Guidazzoli, Antonella; Virgolin, Luigi; Liguori, Maria Chiara; Fallavollita, Federico; Ballabeni, Massimo; Sun, Zheng; Baglivo, Antonio; -
The system of Bologna porticoes, included in 2006 in the Italian tentative list of World heritage sites of UNESCO, will undergo a definitive recognition of the nomination as part of the program of the current municipal council. The nomination is aimed at highlighting the portico, not only as a high-quality architectural work, which in the past centuries has become a distinctive feature of the town, but also in its social, community and anthropological meanings, as a meeting place, a protected space. The nomination project refers to different subjects and is divided into many levels of action. Among them we are going to develop a platform conceived for on-line accessing the wealth of data and resources related to the Bolognese porticoes system, such as historical, artistic, architectural resources, besides all those data regarding its actual management. The platform will perform the harvesting of several already existing databases, making the data available to citizens, tourists and scholars thanks to a graphic interface allowing a navigation in space and time. Therefore our system will facilitate the development of further cultural and promotional cross-medial applications, such as apps for mobile devices, augmented graphics and 3D architectural mapping events. Through social media tools, citizens will be invited not only to enjoy and share the proposed contents, but also to take an active stance in the project by uploading contents and comments. The core of our platform will consist of reality-based high quality 3D models usable and navigable within the system as main user interface. Uniform quality and consistency of our reality-based 3D digital models along the more than 40 km of porticoes was ensured by a controlled, low-cost process starting from photo-modeling techniques.
As-Built BIM Modeling of Historic Buildings from Laser and Image Data
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Dore, Conor; Murphy, Maurice; -
This paper presents two new developments for as-built BIM modeling of historical buildings. The first is a new library of interactive parametric objects designed for modeling classical architectural elements from survey data. These library objects are dynamic and have parameters that can alter the shape and size of objects for multiple uses and not just once off static modeling. The parametric architectural objects have been designed from historic manuscripts and architectural pattern books. These parametric objects were built using an embedded programming language within the ArchiCAD BIM software called Geometric Description Language (GDL). The second development which is described in more detail in this paper is a parametric building façade which has been developed as a template for fast and efficient modeling of endless configurations of building façades. The design of this parametric façade incorporates concepts from procedural modeling which is an automated approach to generating 3D geometries based on rules and algorithms. With this developed parametric façade, the structure of a façade can be automatically generated by altering parameters for the number of stories, number or horizontal tiles and door position. When automatically generating a façade, the initial position and size of elements are estimated using classical architectural proportions. After the façade is automatically generated users can then interactively edit the position, size and other parameters of façade elements to accurately map objects to survey data. Parametric library objects such as windows, ashlar block wall detail and other architectural elements are incorporated into the parametric façade. The parametric façade template has also been implemented with the Geometric Description Language for ArchiCAD BIM software. This enables the tools developed to utilize the full benefits of BIM software which includes - utomated construction or conservation documents, semantic object orientated objects based on IFC semantic classes, automatic lists of objects and material and the ability to add and link additional information to the model. Initial tests have shown that the parametric façade is more efficient than existing manual BIM methods for creating façade models from survey data. The façade template also provides an easier solution for generating façade models when compared to existing methods. Non-specialist users with little experience in 3D modeling can easily generate and modify the façade template by altering parameters graphically or from a dialogue box.

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