EG1983 Proceedings (Technical Papers)
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High Level Language Support for 3-Dimensional Graphics
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Duhovnik, Joze
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Kimura, Fumihiko
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Sata, Toshio
Principal Patches - A New Class of Surface Patch Based on Differential Geometry
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Martin, R.R.
Non-Rectangular Surface Patches Suitable for Inclusion in a B-Spline Surface
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Sabin, M.A.
Photogrammetric Stereocompilation Supported by Interactive Computer Graphics (Abstract)
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Dorrer, Egon
Refinement of the Stress Contour Plots by the Local Interpolations, Extrapolations ans Averaging
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Draskovic, Z.
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Berkovic, M.
Solid Modeling with Parametric Surfaces
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Alander, J.
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Mantyla, M.
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RANTANEN, T.
XGKS - A Multitask Implementation of GKS
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Herman, I.
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T.Tolnay-Knefely,
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Vincze, A.
GKS-300 - PASCAL Implementation of the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) on a Minicomputer Based Graphical Workstation
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Schmitgen, Günther
Computer Graphic Presentation of Road Data
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Koren, Hans
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Holbaek-Hanssen, Erik
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Tjugen, Olav H.
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Wiborg, Trond
On Didactic Implications in the Teaching of Applied Mathematics from a Coupling of Interactive Graphics and Waves
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Abas, S.J.
Decision Support Systems - The Significance of Hybrid Communication Facilities for Operations Research Consultancy
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Gels, Martin
Inverse Perspective Mapping in Scanline Order onto Non-Planar Quadrilaterals
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Hourcade, J.C.
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Nicolas, A.
CAD in the Design of Railway-Highway Intersection Safety Equipment and Railway Station Safety Equipment
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Vilfan, B.
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Kolar, R.
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Toni, M.
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Marusic, M.
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Mahnic, V.
Fast Access to Archival Information Stored on Optical Memory Discs
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Bittner, H.
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Krömker, D.
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Lenzer, R.
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Olsowski, H.D.
A Delaunay-Based Method for Surface Approximation
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Floriani, L.De
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Falcidieno, B.
;
C.Pienovi,
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Item A High Level Interface to the Graphical Kernel System - GKS(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Watkins, H.K.; P.J.W. ten HagenA Graphical Package is described with particular reference to the petroleum industry. One of its design aims is that it should act as a user interface to GKS and be as user friendly as possible. As a further design aim, it has to be capable of implementation as a stand-alone graphics package in situations where GKS is not. available. The implications of these design aims are outlined.Item High Level Language Support for 3-Dimensional Graphics(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Duhovnik, Joze; Kimura, Fumihiko; Sata, Toshio; P.J.W. ten HagenIn the paper the design process is analysed and a new model of the design process which is usefull in CAD is explained. At working a construction with the computer we have to consider the function and form. The function defines the capacity of the construction and the usefulness dependet on the connection machine-nature. With the form we define the possibility of manufacturing and usefulness dependet on the connection man-machine, For a successful working of the function and the form we use geometrical modelling and word processing, The interaction between man-computer can the most easily be done with sketching (form) and speech (words). In the paper the data input with sketching is explained using keyboard instead of speech. In the appendix an example of working the construction by our method is presented.Item Standard Graphics as a Geometric Modelling Device(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Takala, T.; P.J.W. ten HagenA view is taken on geometric modelling systems as abstract data types. Having this frame of reference, the Device Independent Segment Storage of standard graphics is considered, and found to possess useful capability of modelling. The unused potential can be benefit simply by adding a few new inquiry functions, which give the application program an access to the individual primitives stored in segments. Even more advantage can be got i f semantics other than just grouping of items can be assigned to the segments. For example, in 3D graphics, a group of polygons can be labeled to mean a solid. A flexible framework (AGX) is built for experiments, and the feasibility of the concepts presented here is demonstrated by practical applications.Item On Developing a GKS Driver Architecture for Raster Workstations(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Rix, Joachim; P.J.W. ten HagenThe use of raster graphics devices needs adapting to graphics applications. The first graphics standard, the Graphics Kernel System GKS, defines a logical interface on an application and device independent level. The workstation driver maps the logical GKS functions to device functions. First some special raster device facilities are outlined and then it is shown how to use them within the driver. To reduce the amount of driver implementations a common driver concept is sought here, especially for raster devices.Item Syntactic Methods in Computer Graphics(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Slavik, P.; P.J.W. ten HagenItem A Geometric Data Manager(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Tikkanen, M.; Mantyla, M.; Tamminen, M.; P.J.W. ten HagenGWB/DMS is the data management subsystem of GWB, the Geometric Work-Bench. I t has been designed specifically for three-dimensional computeraided design applications. As the data definition and manipulation take place with extensions of high-level language constructs, GWB/DMS offers a direct migration from an independent "in-core" application to one using a database. Besides, the user can define additional access paths using geometric or conventional indices. The interactive nature of design is taken into account by including a simple transaction control mechanism. Transparency in ordinary programming and efficiency are the main design criteria of GWB/DMS. Its novelties are: 1) geometric indices facilitating access by location, 2) address calculation as the main access method and 3) tools for controlling the "physical closeness" of database objects.Item The GHOST-80 Colour Raster Extensions(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Prior, W.A.J.; Sutherland, R.J.; P.J.W. ten HagenThe GHOST Graphical Output System has been developed over a long period. The most recent version, GHOST-80 has been enhanced with routines for colour raster displays. The integration of these routines with the existing package is described and their ease of use is emphasised.Item Principal Patches - A New Class of Surface Patch Based on Differential Geometry(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Martin, R.R.; P.J.W. ten HagenThis paper describes a new class of surface patch for use in computational geometry, where fairness is built in at the design stage by using ideas from differential geometry. Principal patches are patches whose sides are lines of curvature, and can be created by making the boundary curves obey two conditions called the frame and position matching equations. It is shown that surface continuity is automatically achieved when composite surfaces are formed. Particular cases are discussed, especially Dupin's cyclide patches based on circular arc sides. Some advantages of Dupin's cyclides over conventional, bicubic patches are described. Finally it is shown how the use of principal patches leads to a natural, geometric need for non -four -sided patches.Item Closed 2D Contour Algorithms for 3D Reconstruction(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Huijsmans, D. P.; P.J.W. ten HagenIn collaboration with the department of Anatomy a software package (FORTRAN 77) for 3D reconstruction of anatomical material is under development. Input material consists of a series of planparallel slices of an embedded specimen. 3D reconstruction of volume segments with closed 3D surface boundaries is achieved by taking closed 2D contour boundaries within each intersecting plane.Item Non-Rectangular Surface Patches Suitable for Inclusion in a B-Spline Surface(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Sabin, M.A.; P.J.W. ten HagenItem Photogrammetric Stereocompilation Supported by Interactive Computer Graphics (Abstract)(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Dorrer, Egon; P.J.W. ten HagenA single-user computer graphics supported stereophotogrammetric digitizing system is presented in its intermediate experimental state. Essential system component is a Tektronix 4054 graphics desk-top computer connected to a stereo-digitizer; it enables simple and functional compilation and restitution of aerial photographs even in its minimal configuration. Distinguishing between the three phases of "mensuration", "model", and "block", some general reflections on digital stereocompilation are being made, and the BASIC application software for the mensuration phase is described. Most important system properties such as ergonomic interaction, feature classification, object mode, user definable keys, data management and data editing are discussed in some detail. Possible yet necessary expansions of the experimental set-up for real practical work are given as well.Item Refinement of the Stress Contour Plots by the Local Interpolations, Extrapolations ans Averaging(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Draskovic, Z.; Berkovic, M.; P.J.W. ten HagenThe purpose of this paper is an attempt to improve the stress contour plots for the simplest two-dimensional finite elements. The proposed approach is achieved by the use of the simple local interpolations, extrapolations and averaging of the existing stress analysis results. The usual and the proposed, refined procedure are compared for two typical examples.Item Solid Modeling with Parametric Surfaces(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Alander, J.; Mantyla, M.; RANTANEN, T.; P.J.W. ten HagenSolid modeling systems are now entering industrial usage. To guarantee their wide applicability, the capabilities of solid modelers should be enhanced to allow inclusion of free-form surfaces in their geometric models, however. Based on our evolving work, we describe the methodology and some key components of a solid modeler with parametric surface processing capability. Emphasis is put on a clean and extendible design that avoids the arbitrary restrictions which often are present in current systems.Item Contribution to Methodic in CAD(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Duhovnik, J.; P.J.W. ten HagenIn the paper the design process is analysed and a new model of the design process which is usefull in CAD is explained. At working a construction with the computer we have to consider the function and form. The function defines the capacity of the construction and the usefulness dependet on the connection machine-nature. With the form we define the possibility of manufacturing and usefulness dependet on the connection man-machine, For a successful working of the function and the form we use geometrical modelling and word processing, The interaction between man-computer can the most easily be done with sketching (form) and speech (words). In the paper the data input with sketching is explained using keyboard instead of speech. In the appendix an example of working the construction by our method is presented.Item Towards GKS Binding to PASCAL(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Antoy, Sergio; Dettori, Giuliana; P.J.W. ten HagenWhen binding GKS to the Pascal programming language some problems arise which are not trivial, Problems related to the use of a library, to the passing of array parameters to procedures and to the definition of suitable types for GKS data must be carefully discussed, since each of these does not have a unique solution, A proposal for solving the above problems is presented in this paper.Item XGKS - A Multitask Implementation of GKS(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Herman, I.; T.Tolnay-Knefely,; Vincze, A.; P.J.W. ten HagenA multitask design for GKS is presented, a realization aiming small computers and intelligent graphic hardware.Item Fast Previewing Techniques in Raster Graphics(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Jansen, F.W.; Wijk, J.J. van; P.J.W. ten HagenThe long processing times inherent in the use of raster graphics techniques for the shading of complex scenes, complicate the design and debugging of a picture. The efficiency of the picture-generating process can, however, be improved by adding several interactive facilities to the system. In particular, fast previewing techniques are valuable for checking the modeling and for getting a good impression in an early stage of the picture-definition process. A discussion of raster graphics system design is followed by examples of fast pre-viewing techniques for the shading and texture mapping of surface models and for the shading of solid models using a raycasting technique.Item GKS-300 - PASCAL Implementation of the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) on a Minicomputer Based Graphical Workstation(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Schmitgen, Günther; P.J.W. ten HagenItem Computer Graphic Presentation of Road Data(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Koren, Hans; Holbaek-Hanssen, Erik; Tjugen, Olav H.; Wiborg, Trond; P.J.W. ten HagenThis paper presents a system for plotting traffic accidents and other data related to roads, on computer drawn maps. A method for simultaneous presentation of many different aspects of the road is also described.Item Depth Sorting by Windowing(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Gangnet, Michel; P.J.W. ten HagenIn this paper we present the first version of a new algorithm for hidden-surface and hidden-line elimination which applies primarily to the generation of indoor perspective views of simple building models. The algorithm is very efficient and though being an object space algorithm its run-time depends only on the complexity of the generated picture. The algorithm is recursive and uses extensively the coherence given by the adjacencies of the rooms within a building. Extensions to more complex models are considered.Item On Didactic Implications in the Teaching of Applied Mathematics from a Coupling of Interactive Graphics and Waves(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Abas, S.J.; P.J.W. ten HagenItem Decision Support Systems - The Significance of Hybrid Communication Facilities for Operations Research Consultancy(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Gels, Martin; P.J.W. ten HagenIn this paper the significance of suitable combinations of analogue and digital communication facilities in the design and implementation of Decision Support Systems (DSS) will be discussed within the context of practical Operations Research consultancy. It will be pointed out that the individual user's cognitive style and knowledge base play an important role in the design process. Therefore a user-oriented design, based on prototypes will be proposed. For the Operations Research consultant -in the role of both user and designerthe use of hybrid communication facilities is significant if he is not only interested in building models but also implementing them. The design of a DSS for Box-Jenkins time-series modelling will be used as a practical illustration.Item Inverse Perspective Mapping in Scanline Order onto Non-Planar Quadrilaterals(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Hourcade, J.C.; Nicolas, A.; P.J.W. ten HagenMapping textures onto three dimensional objects should resolve two class of problem ; first find a correspondence between the texture and the displayed object, secondly filter the texture according the display grid and the texture grid. Our work presents a review of existing mapping techniques on polygons and patches, gives and evaluates an algorithm for mapping texture on quadrilaterals taking into account particular constraints of scanline order hidden surface algorithms.Item Interactive Graphical Planning(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Jackson, Michael J.; Clark, Tony; P.J.W. ten HagenAccurate planning is an essential part of efficient project management, but computer-aided techniques have, in the past, not fulfilled their potential in this important field, This paper describes how interactive graphics techniques have been used to help the planner in the design of his programme of work and in the dissemination of his recommended plan.Item Visualizing Inversions in Time with Computer Graphics(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Mezzina, Maria; P.J.W. ten HagenAn example of how computer graphics have been used to visually explore the INVERSION SPACE, and its educational and artistic implications.Item CAD in the Design of Railway-Highway Intersection Safety Equipment and Railway Station Safety Equipment(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Vilfan, B.; Kolar, R.; Toni, M.; Marusic, M.; Mahnic, V.; P.J.W. ten HagenWe describe a software package for the automation of design activities and the automatic production of design documentation. The package is currently beeing used by a consulting organisation in the design of railway -highway intersection safety equipment. The package contains a text processor, a graphic module for the production of engineering drawings, as well as application programs geared to the specific design activities undertaken. All programs in the package utilize a simple data base.Item Fast Access to Archival Information Stored on Optical Memory Discs(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Bittner, H.; Krömker, D.; Lenzer, R.; Olsowski, H.D.; P.J.W. ten HagenA database processor based on a multi-microprocessor system managing archival data was developed for the use in local area networks. To grant fast and easy access from office workstations to heterogeneous information stored on optical memory discs, a new strategy of storing data and handling user requests was designed.Item A Delaunay-Based Method for Surface Approximation(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Floriani, L.De; Falcidieno, B.; C.Pienovi,; P.J.W. ten HagenThis paper describes a method for constructing a surface representation model from a given set of data points.A Triangulated Irregular. Network has been chosen as data structure, thus representing the surface as a set of contiguous non -overlapping and irregurarly shaped triangular facets.The proposed method makes use of a Delaunay triangular grid adapted to non-convex domains. Using only representative subsets of the given set of points, the method allows the construction of approximating surfaces which rest within a predefined tolerance.Item DisArray: A 16x16 RasterOp Processor(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Page, Ian; P.J.W. ten HagenRasterOp is a powerful primitive operation for raster graphics. To improve the execution rate of this operation, a machine with a set of 256 1-bit processors organised as a 16x16 array has been constructed. This machine has twodimensional bitmaps as its lowest-level data objects and consequently can manipulate them faster than a conventional (one-dimensional) Von-Neumann machine. Further work is outlined to improve the architecture still further and to integrate the array into a powerful single-user workstation.Item An Intelligent Graphics Terminal's Intermediate Database(The Eurographics Association, 1983) Rudalics, M.; P.J.W. ten HagenThe Intelligent Graphics Terminal's Intermediate Database (INGRID) handles storage, retrieval and manipulation of the description of graphic items in the memory of an Intelligent Graphics Terminal. INGRID combines on one storage level the concepts of a Workstation Dependent Segment Storage, as described in the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) , and a display list for a workstation providing output of graphic primitives in store and refresh mode.